table of contents
usermod(8) | Команды управления системой | usermod(8) |
ИМЯ¶
usermod - изменяет учётную запись пользователя
СИНОПСИС¶
usermod [параметры] УЧЁТНАЯ_ЗАПИСЬ
ОПИСАНИЕ¶
The usermod command modifies the system account files to reflect the changes that are specified on the command line.
ПАРАМЕТРЫ¶
The options which apply to the usermod command are:
-a, --append
-c, --comment COMMENT
-d, --home HOME_DIR
If the -m option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created.
-e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE
An empty EXPIRE_DATE argument will disable the expiration of the account.
This option requires a /etc/shadow file. A /etc/shadow entry will be created if there were none.
-f, --inactive INACTIVE
Если указано значение 0, то учётная запись блокируется сразу после устаревания пароля, а при значении -1 данная возможность не используется.
This option requires a /etc/shadow file. A /etc/shadow entry will be created if there were none.
-g, --gid GROUP
Все файлы в домашнем каталоге пользователя, принадлежавшие предыдущей первичной группе пользователя, будут принадлежать новой группе.
Группового владельца файлов вне домашнего каталога нужно изменить вручную.
The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user's home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id. This is safety measure for special home directories such as /.
-G, --groups GROUP1[,GROUP2,...[,GROUPN]]]
If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the -a option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list.
-l, --login NEW_LOGIN
-L, --lock
Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the EXPIRE_DATE to 1.
-m, --move-home
This option is only valid in combination with the -d (or --home) option.
usermod will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards.
-o, --non-unique
-p, --password PASSWORD
Note: This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes.
Вы должны проверить, что пароль соответствует политике системных паролей.
-R, --root CHROOT_DIR
-P, --prefix PREFIX_DIR
-s, --shell SHELL
-u, --uid UID
This value must be unique, unless the -o option is used. The value must be non-negative.
Для почтового ящика и всех файлов, которыми владеет пользователь и которые расположены в его домашнем каталоге, идентификатор владельца файла будет изменён автоматически.
Для файлов, расположенных вне домашнего каталога, идентификатор нужно изменять вручную.
The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user's home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id. This is safety measure for special home directories such as /.
No checks will be performed with regard to the UID_MIN, UID_MAX, SYS_UID_MIN, or SYS_UID_MAX from /etc/login.defs.
-U, --unlock
Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the EXPIRE_DATE (for example to 99999, or to the EXPIRE value from /etc/default/useradd).
-v, --add-subuids FIRST-LAST
This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account.
No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_UID_MIN, SUB_UID_MAX, or SUB_UID_COUNT from /etc/login.defs.
-V, --del-subuids FIRST-LAST
This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account. When both --del-subuids and --add-subuids are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added.
No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_UID_MIN, SUB_UID_MAX, or SUB_UID_COUNT from /etc/login.defs.
-w, --add-subgids FIRST-LAST
This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account.
No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_GID_MIN, SUB_GID_MAX, or SUB_GID_COUNT from /etc/login.defs.
-W, --del-subgids FIRST-LAST
This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account. When both --del-subgids and --add-subgids are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added.
No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_GID_MIN, SUB_GID_MAX, or SUB_GID_COUNT from /etc/login.defs.
-Z, --selinux-user SEUSER
A blank SEUSER will remove the SELinux user mapping for user LOGIN (if any).
ПРЕДОСТЕРЕЖЕНИЯ¶
You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user's numerical user ID, the user's name, or the user's home directory is being changed. usermod checks this on Linux. On other platforms it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in.
You must change the owner of any crontab files or at jobs manually.
Вы должны сделать все изменения NIS на сервере NIS самостоятельно.
НАСТРОЙКА¶
The following configuration variables in /etc/login.defs change the behavior of this tool:
MAIL_DIR (string)
MAIL_FILE (string)
The MAIL_DIR and MAIL_FILE variables are used by useradd, usermod, and userdel to create, move, or delete the user's mail spool.
If MAIL_CHECK_ENAB is set to yes, they are also used to define the MAIL environment variable.
MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP (number)
Значение по умолчанию равно 0, означающее, что ограничения на количество членов в группе нет.
Данная возможность (разделение группы) позволяет ограничить длину строк в файле групп. Это полезно для ограничения длины строк групп NIS в 1024 символа.
Если вам нужно такое ограничение, укажите значение 25.
Замечание: разделение групп поддерживается не всеми инструментами (даже в наборе инструментов Shadow). Вы не должны использовать эту переменную, если вам действительно это ненужно.
SUB_GID_MIN (number), SUB_GID_MAX (number), SUB_GID_COUNT (number)
The default values for SUB_GID_MIN, SUB_GID_MAX, SUB_GID_COUNT are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536.
SUB_UID_MIN (number), SUB_UID_MAX (number), SUB_UID_COUNT (number)
The default values for SUB_UID_MIN, SUB_UID_MAX, SUB_UID_COUNT are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536.
ФАЙЛЫ¶
/etc/group
/etc/gshadow
/etc/login.defs
/etc/passwd
/etc/shadow
/etc/subgid
/etc/subuid
СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ¶
chfn(1), chsh(1), passwd(1), crypt(3), gpasswd(8), groupadd(8), groupdel(8), groupmod(8), login.defs(5), subgid(5), subuid(5),useradd(8), userdel(8).
08/07/2019 | shadow-utils 4.6 |